An American Lexicon

topic posted Mon, June 29, 2009 - 6:40 PM by  The Amazing,...
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In a different thread, Jeffrey said this: "I am saying that for expedients sake, when we are teaching these rhythms here, in the Americas, perhaps we can use some sort of standardized language that will make it easier to communicate. Then add the alternate terms to them as an aside so that students of the music can know them for when they may play with musicians from different parts of the world. "

I think that's a great idea! I've even volunteered to score the results out in standard western musical notation, complete with DTK sticking, and offer it up in PDF form for everybody who cares to download a copy. I posted an example of the scoring as a PDF so everybody can see an example.

Well, now it's time to begin accumulating the wisdom of the American ME drumming community. We're going to need to do two things:
1) We need to decide what rhythms to include in a standard lexicon--what rhythms should every drummer be aware of to fit in across the country; and
2) We then need to decide what the standard base version of each rhythm would be.

We can organize the list alphabetically, by meter, or by how common/uncommon it is--doesn't matter to me.

So, how about somebody toss out a list of rhythms they think should be included, complete with a DTK sticking for each?

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  • Re: An American Lexicon

    Tue, June 30, 2009 - 10:22 AM
    I'll Take the easy ones!
    (Read 1e&a2e&a etc.)

    Beledi:

    D-D---T-D---T---

    Saidi:

    D-T---D-D---T---

    Maqsoum:

    D-T---T-D---T---

    Nawari:

    T-D---T-D---T---

    Ayoub:

    D--kD-T-

    Karatchi:

    T--kT-D-

    Malfuf:

    D--T--T-

    Khaleegi/Saudi (what we call it in my neck of the woods):

    D--D--T-


    More later!
  • Re: An American Lexicon

    Tue, June 30, 2009 - 12:45 PM
    Here are some I play, which I've gotten mostly from Jas's and from Amir Naoum Chehade's video:

    Malfouf (rolls) 2/4:
    1-+-2-+-
    D T T
    D kT kT
    D kT kTk
    DkkTkkTk
    D kS kS
    D kS kSk
    DkkSkkSk

    Ayoub (zar) 2/4 (often a religious rhythm)
    1-+-2-+-
    D kD T
    D kD S
    D t D T
    D tkD T
    DktkD T
    kS kD S (syncopated)

    Maksoum 4/4
    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-
    D T T D T
    D T tkT D tkT tk old-fashioned maksoum (Turkish/Greek/Armenian)
    D T k T D k T kk (Arabic maksoum 1)
    D S k S D k S kk (with slaps)
    D T kkT D kkT kk (Arabic maksoum 2, most popular)
    D S kkS D kkS kk (with slaps)

    Baladi 4/4
    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-
    D D T D T (old-fashioned)
    D D tkT D tkT tk (old-fashioned, Greek)
    D D k S D kkS kk (Arabic style 1)
    D D k T D kkT kk (with teks)
    D D kkT D kkT kk (Arabic style 2, most popular)
    D D kkS D kkS kk (with slaps)
    DkD k P D k P kk (with pops)

    Saiidi 4/4 from Upper Egypt
    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-
    D tktkD D tkT tk (Saiidi 1, old-fashioned)
    D tktkD D tkS tk (with slap)
    D T D D T (City Saiidi 1, modern)
    D T k D D tkT tk (City Saiidi 2)
    DkS kkDkD tkS tk (City Saiidi 2 with slap)
    DkT kkDkD tkT tk (City Saiidi 3)
    DkS kkDkD kkS kk (with slap)
    D S DDD kkS kk (more doums)
    DkS DDD kkS kk (more doums)
    DkS kkD D kkS kk
    DkSktkDkDktkSktk (totally filled, with first ka of ktk actually kk t k)

    Soumbati 4/4 (Egypt) also Al Wahda Al Saheera (Lebanon), small ciftitelli, bambi
    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-
    D kT kT D kkT kk (soumbati 1)
    D kT kT D D T kk (soumbati 2)
    D kT kT tktkD k (soumbati 3, bambi)
    D kT kT tktkD kk (soumbati 3, bambi)

    Masmoudi 8/4
    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-5-+-6-+-7-+-8-+-
    D D D
    D D ktttkT D tktktktktktk (variation 1)
    D D DtktT D tktktktktktk (variation 2)
    D D ktttkT D kttT tkT (basic)
    D kD kttktktk D ktktktktktkt k (filled)

    Ciftetelli 8/4 dancing
    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-5-+-6-+-7-+-8-+-
    L R L R L R L R
    D ktT ktT D D T ktt
    D tktkTktktkT kkD kkD k P ktk
    D kkk P kkk P kkD kkD k P kkk P
    DktktkTktkdkTktkDktkDktkT tktktk

    Moroccan Six
    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-5-+-6-+-
    D k t k D T T
    D k k T k k D k T k T k

    bolero 4/4 [easy-medium]
    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-5-+-6-+-7-+-8-+-
    D k T k T k D k
    D t3kkT k T k D k
    D k k T k k T k T k D T

    Laz 7/8 2-2-3
    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-5-+-6-+-7-+-
    D----- T---- T---k---k--- Dum-and Tek-and Tek-ka-ka
    D---k-- T---k-- D---t---k--- Dum-ka Tek-ka Dum-tek-ka

    karsilama 9/8=2+2+2+3
    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-5-|
    D-__T-__D-__T-T-t-|
    D-kkT-kkD-kkT-T-t-|
    D-tkT-tkD-tkTkT-t-|

    (As always, paste rhythms from this forum into an editor and view with a mono-spaced font like Courier New for proper spacing.)
    • Re: An American Lexicon

      Tue, June 30, 2009 - 11:28 PM
      hey guys, i haven't done a lot to research rhythms but hasn't this basically been done on JAS's site? www.khafif.com/rhy/ i thought that was a community input kind of site? maybe i'm wrong... but if it is, why not start with that? just asking. thx this is a good subject.

      also, geoff and whoever were talking about compiling subjects from tribe for the archives... (maybe linking up with JAS?) that would be very good too. sorry i'm too busy at the moment to help but carry on, good stuff there.
      • Re: An American Lexicon

        Wed, July 1, 2009 - 7:25 AM
        Well, no, it hasn't. Jas compiled a whole bunch of rhythms, yes. It wasn't a communal effort to standardize the names tied to the rhythms, however.

        This effort is intended to collect those rhythms that we--the community of drummers represented here--find useful and standardize the names and basic patterns. The collection won't be as lengthy as Jas' and the details will be hashed out by more common usage/vote than the result of one person's research.
        • Re: An American Lexicon

          Wed, July 1, 2009 - 2:37 PM
          Yeah, I also think that this is a good idea. We have all used Jas's site for years and it is a priceless asset. I see this new idea as being something different (and simpler) as a standardized guide to ME rhythms as they are used and understood in the Western world.
          As soon as I can figure out how to copy and paste my files here. I will.
          • Re: An American Lexicon

            Wed, July 1, 2009 - 9:20 PM

            Here are some simple exercises and variations from my files. I will dig out some of the more advanced ones later on this week. I really hope these line up.

            Exercises in Maqsum
            P k P k P k P k ( x 4 )

            D k P k k D k P k k
            D k P k P k P k k

            P k P k P t k t k T ( x 4 )

            Maqsum variations
            1.) D k k k D k k kk
            2.) D T k T D k T kk
            3.) D T kk T D kk T kk
            4.) D T tk T D tk T tk
            5.) D T k t k T D tk T tk
            6.) D k k P D k P kk
            7.) D P k P D k P kk
            Variation #1 is used to train to be able to play
            variations #6 and #7.

            Soumbati (Al Wahda Al Saheera) or small Chiftitelli
            4/4
            basic D kT kT D kkT kk
            variation D kT kT D D S kk
            Bambi
            D kTkT tktk D kk
            _________________________________________
            Hotcha
            8/4
            D k T T T kT T D k T T T tktktk
            with Masmoudi variation
            D D k T T T k T T D k T T T kk
            _________________________________________
            Masmoudi
            8/4
            basic D D ktttkt D ktkT tktkT kk
            Var.1 D D D tktt D ktkT tktkT kk
            Var. 2 DkDD tktt D ktkT tktkT kk
            Var. 3 DkDS tktt D ktkT tktkT kk

            Amir Naoum Exercises
            1. Dum Ka Ka Ka
            2. Dum Ka Tek Ka
            3. Dum K K Dum K
            4. D K K D K K D K K D K
            5. D K K K D K K K D K K K D K
            6. D T K T K T K T K T K T K
            7. T K T K D T K T K T
            8 D K D D K D D K D D K
            9. T K T K T K T K T K T K T K T K T K T K T K T K T K T K T K T K

            Baladi Variations
            1. D D K T D K T K K
            2. D D K T D K K T K K
            3. D D K K T D K K T K K
            4. D D t k T D t k T t k
            5. D D K K T D K K K T K K
            6. D D K K T D K K K T K K K
            7. D k D K K K T K D K K K T K K K
            with Pops
            8. D D K P D K P K K
            9. D K D K P D K P K K
            • Re: An American Lexicon

              Thu, July 2, 2009 - 1:31 AM
              i guess my point with JAS is that it says on his site you can add things. so i thought people could add smtg like, "in america 'this' is called 'this'". not important.

              for notation, i'd suggest that we either use:

              1. "each character equals one subdivision" method : DkT-kkT-D-kkT-kk - here we have a 16th note subdivision.

              and/or

              2. write with numbers over top and "copy and paste into a new document/email and use courier font 14":

              1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + = count
              DkD kkT D kkT kk = Note/rest/hand
              3 31 31 31 = Finger/hand # if needed

              upper case letters accented = T
              lower case not accented = t

              jeff, great exercises! but if i didn't know beladi, i'd have thought it came in several different meters.
              • Re: An American Lexicon

                Thu, July 2, 2009 - 1:36 AM
                sorry #2 didn't work... don't know why... not gonna try to figure it out... worked before... hate tribe... 'cept for you all...

                let's use #1 !!! : )
              • Re: An American Lexicon

                Thu, July 2, 2009 - 9:16 AM
                Any format will work as long as I can figure out what's meant by it. I'll be scoring what we come up with using western notation with DTK sticking under the staff.

                It's be easier if everybody used a 16th note division, yeah.
                • Re: An American Lexicon

                  Thu, July 2, 2009 - 6:28 PM
                  I'm just looking forward to the sheet music part of this.... I hate DTk notation! I'll finally know if I've been interpreting all I've read off Tribe right or not! :)
                  • This is the maximum depth. Additional responses will not be threaded.

                    Re: An American Lexicon

                    Thu, July 2, 2009 - 6:48 PM
                    Ron wrote:
                    "I'm just looking forward to the sheet music part of this.... I hate DTk notation!"

                    The funny thing is that when I teach, I also write out the rhythms in percussion cleft notation and I get complaints on average about 9 to 1 against this type of notation (I still do it though along with the Dtk notation)

                    When we communicate here on tribe, the Dtk is the only way to post rhythms, Tribe won't even allow standard codes within the body of a post.
                    Forget about trying to post notes and a staff.
                    • Re: An American Lexicon

                      Thu, July 2, 2009 - 7:26 PM
                      Yup, totally understand it being predominant in a text-based environment like Tribe, makes sense here or on any newsgroup. Staff is still my "first language" for music though so I'm still grateful that someone is going to help cut the linguistic middle man out of my brain. :)
              • Re: An American Lexicon

                Thu, July 2, 2009 - 10:06 AM
                Yeah
                David, When I originally cut and pasted from my files, I didn't correct the upper/lower case and the spacing on Beladi. I just re-edited it. I hope this lines up better:

                Baladi Variations
                1. D D k T D k T kk
                2. D D k T D kkT kk
                3. D D kkT D kkT kk
                4. D D tkT D tkT tk
                5. D D kkT D kkkT kk
                6. D D kkT D kkkTkkk
                7. DkD kkkTkD kkkTkkk
                with Pops
                8. D D k P D k P kk
                9. DkD k P D k P kk
  • Re: An American Lexicon

    Thu, July 2, 2009 - 11:54 PM
    Does it matter if you are not American?

    This is a condense version of something I wrote for Bellydance Oasis magazine. It's actually a draft version I had handy in Google Docs. Not sure how much it differed from the final version.



    List of Rhythms
    Please note the follow is not an exhaustive list but should be comprehensive enough for the beyond beginners level.


    Baladi

    This rhythm is used quite a bit in classic arabic music. Played in a count of 4 and is sometimes referred to as Masmoudi sagir or small Masmoudi since it is a variation of Masmoudi that is played in a count of 4 instead of 8 beats.


    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-|
    D-D-__T-D-__T-__| Open version

    D-D-T-K-D-T-K-tk| Classical
    D-D-T-S-D-T-S-tk| Classical loud
    DtD-T-S-D-T-S-tk|
    D-D-tkT-D-tkT-tk| Modern
    D-D-tkT-D-tkTktk|
    D-D-tkS-D-tkS-tk|
    D-D-rkT-D-rkT-tk|
    D-D-rkT-D-rkTktk|
    D-D-rkS-D-rkS-tk|


    Saidi

    Common rhythm in cabaret and folkloric music played in a count of 4. This is the rhythm used when accompanying a Mizmar for a cane or basket dance. This rhythm is identified by having a group of doums, normally pair but sometimes a triplet, in the middle of the rhythm. If there is a pair or triplet doums at the beginning you will have to listen to the middle to identify if it is Saidi or Baladi.

    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-|
    D-T-__D-D-__T-__| Open version
    D-T-tkD-D-tkT-tk|
    D-S-tkD-D-tkS-tk| Common variation
    D-D-__D-D-__T-__| 2 Doum Open version
    DDD-__DDD-__T-__| 3 Doum Open version
    D-D-__DDD-__T-__| 2 + 3 Doum Open version
    DDD-__D-D-__T-__| 3 + 2 Doum Open version
    TKD-tkD-D-tkT-tk| Ghawzee variation
    tkt-tkD-D-tkt-tk| Naughty boy variation
    tkt-tkDDD-tkt-tk| 3 Doum Naughty boy variation
    rkt-rkD-D-tkT-tk|
    rkS-rkD-D-tkS-tk|



    Maqsoum

    This rhythm is similar to Baladi and Saidi in structure but it is different. In fact when speeded up a variation of this rhythm becomes the fellahi rhythm. Sometimes a novice drummer will play a slow fellahi when they have not yet mastered a fast maksoum.

    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-|
    D-T-__T-D-__T-__| Open version
    D-T-tkT-D-tkT-tk|
    D-S-tkS-D-tkS-tk|
    D-S-k-S-D-k-S-k-| Fast maqsoum, normally played at a fast tempo
    D-T-k-T-D-k-T---| Walking open version, slow Fellahi



    Malfouf

    This is a fast paced running rhythm used for entrances and exit. Normally associated with travelling movements.

    1-+-2-+-|
    D--T--T-|
    D--Tk-Tk|
    DkkTkkTk|
    DkkSkkSk|
  • Re: An American Lexicon

    Thu, July 2, 2009 - 11:57 PM
    Something I wrote for a handout at a Zill workshop.


    Wahda and the Taqsim family of rhythms

    Taqsim is a musical term which describes a improvisation of a melody instrument. If the melody is accompanied by percussions, or if the taqsim is only done by percussion, it is normally in either a count of 8 or 4. The rhythms used in rhythmic taqsim is normally Wahada or a Chiftitelli with the only difference between the two rhythms is that Chiftitelli has one extra doum in the middle of the rhythm. So Wahada and Chiftitelli are used interchangeable to add variety.

    Wahada in Arabic translates to 1, which is a reference to there only being 1 doum. In the most common version of Wahada Kebir, which is in a count of 8, there is 2 doums because it is actually 2 different variations of wahada (saghir) that alternate one after the other. So when you put to wahada (sagir) together, which by itself is in a count of 4, you get a count of 8.

    When Wahada (sagir) is speeded up again to be played in a count of 2 it becomes Malfouf although this is not used in rhythmic taqsim.


    Wahada ( Sagir )

    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-|
    D---__T-____T---| Basic
    D---k-T-__k-T---|
    D-tktkT-tktkT-k-| Tawil
    D-Tk-kT-Tk-kT-k-| Khafiif


    "Al Wahada Al Saheera" / Soumbati

    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-|
    D-__T-T-D-__T-__| Basic
    D-_kTkT-D-k-T-tk|

    Fast Chiftitelli

    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-|
    D-__T-T-D-D_T-__| Basic
    D-_kTkT-D-D-T-tk|



    Wahda Kebir - 8/4

    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-5-+-6-+-7-+-8-+-|
    D---__T-____T---T---____T---____| Basic
    D---k-T---k-T---Tkt-k---Tkt-k-tk|

    Wahda Kebir - 2 x (4/4)

    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-5-+-6-+-7-+-8-+-|
    D---__T-____T---D---____T---____| Basic
    D---k-T---k-T-tkD---k---T---__tk|

    Chiftitelli

    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-5-+-6-+-7-+-8-+-|
    D---__T-____T---D---D---T---____| Basic
    D---k-T---k-T-tkD---D---T---__tk|

  • Re: An American Lexicon

    Thu, July 2, 2009 - 11:59 PM
    Part 2 of the zill workshop handout



    Masmoudi

    Denoted by a group of doums at the beginning and middle of the rhythm. The most commonly used in cabaret are 2 and 3 doum "Masmoudi Kebir" and 2 doum "Masmoudi Sagir"/Baladi. The last 4 counts of Masmoudi Kebir is a 4 count Wahada (Sagir).




    2 Doum "Masmoudi Kebir"

    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-5-+-6-+-7-+-8-+-|
    D---D---____T---D---__T-____T---| Basic
    D---D---tktkT-tkD-tktkT-tktkT-tk|

    3 Doum "Masmoudi Kebir"

    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-5-+-6-+-7-+-8-+-|
    D---D---D---T---D---__T-____T---| Basic
    D---D---D---Tkt-D-tktkT-tktkT-tk|


    Synocapted "Masmoudi Kebir"

    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-5-+-6-+-7-+-8-+-|
    D---D-D-____T---D---__T-____T---| Basic
    D---D-D-tkt-TktkD-tktkT-tktkT-tk|




    2 Doum "Masmoudi Sagir" / Baladi

    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-|
    D-D-__T-D-__T-__| Basic
    D-D-tkT-D-tkT-tk|
    D-D-k-T-D-k-T-tk| Classical


    3 Doum "Masmoudi Sagir" / Baladi

    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-|
    DDD-__T-D-__T-__| Basic
    DDD-tkT-D-tkT-tk|
    DDD-k-T-D-k-T-tk| Classical


    Synocapted "Masmoudi Sagir" / Baladi

    1-+-2-+-3-+-4-+-|
    D-DD__T-D-__T-__| Basic
    D-DDtkT-D-tkT-tk|
    D-DDk-T-D-k-T-tk| Classical
    • Re: An American Lexicon

      Fri, July 3, 2009 - 2:04 AM
      nice work ignatius.

      whew. SO, how is that western notation gonna look? ; ) can someone take a picture of their notation?

      i prefer three lines. dum on bottom, tek in middle, ka on top. notes can be can be accented with a ' ^ ' or drawn with stems DOWN or UP (all other strokes opposite) to illustrate the main beat. Pop(TUQ)/SLAP(Suk)/Flick can be notated above the appropriate 'teks". below can also be added glissando or similar notation for a Pop that goes Up/down. and to round it out, below that you can put the D T K for very ez reading for begginners. just some thoughts. i'll try to draw up what i mean if i find more time...

      lots of ways to do this....
      • Re: An American Lexicon

        Fri, July 3, 2009 - 3:10 AM
        Okay here are three examples of "David's Western Notation for Darbuka™" at which to gander, approve, disapprove, ridicule, and compliment. i'm sure there are many other interesting solutions to these rhythmic conunDRUMS (ha ha ha! ).. but here are my ideas for starters... please share yours, ya' hear? i'm sure some of you classically trained percussionists will have more ideas on the nitty gritty of drum notation... but this is my simple solution.

        I have added the 16th note subdivision DTK notation underneath the photos for reference. any 'T'ek can be a 'S'uk/Slap or 'P'op/tu'Q'.

        1. Simple "kaka" Beladi with POP/TUQ for last Tek: people.tribe.net/daudude/p...30e3bb97f9

        2. Simple "teka" Beladi with POP/TUQ for last Tek: people.tribe.net/daudude/p...fe41269d02

        3. Notation for a solo riff using glissando to illustrate the POP qoing down: people.tribe.net/daudude/p...4752056894

        if you have questions about different riffs / rhythms, please ask... it'll be nice and geeky fun to try. i think this is a worthwhile pursuit. let's do it. : )

        and remember: David's Western Notation for Darbuka™ - ask for it by name!
  • Re: An American Lexicon

    Fri, July 3, 2009 - 7:15 AM
    Now we've got a start on the collection, I think it time to begin to focus some of the discussion.

    With what's been posted, do agree with the names attached to the rhythms they're paired with?

    I can easily devote a single page to each rhythm and its variations. Do we want the base rhythm shown to be only the accent (no filler strokes) or the most common variation of the rhythm?

    How many variations do we want included? 6? 8? As many as we can find?

    I'd just as soon organize them by meter. Does that make sense to everybody? Two beat rhythms grouped together, then four and so forth.
    That'd put Malfouf, Ayoub, and Fallahi (plus any other common two count rhythm) grouped together at the beginning.
    • Re: An American Lexicon

      Fri, July 3, 2009 - 11:05 AM
      This is just my inner Music Theory nerd, but: Should you notate Malfuf as a 2/4 or an 8/8 rhythm? That exact pattern of accents is usually called 8/8 in western music but I've noticed among ME rhythm list websites it's universally grouped in the 2/4 category.

      And another thought, can we work in a mention of the "pulse system" of how many compound rhythms are built? That was a huge epiphany for me when I learned to think of them that way from one of Tobias Roberson's classes. For instance, I used to struggle with Karshlimar 9/8 until I learned to just think of it as "3 short pulses then 1 long pulse." Short being 2 beats, long being 3 in this case.
      • Re: An American Lexicon

        Fri, July 3, 2009 - 11:37 AM
        Malfuf is a 2/4, it's not an 8/8. Calling a malfuf an 8/8 because there are 8 strikes per measure is like calling a 4/4 16th note roll a 16/4 because there are 16 strikes per measure. The time and pulse of Malfuf, Khaliji, Felahi and Ayuub is 2/4.
        • Re: An American Lexicon

          Fri, July 3, 2009 - 2:55 PM
          Obviously the ME definition is more important for this discussion, and 2/4 is the consensus there, but since I've always wanted to explore this discussion with someone else with 1 foot in each world...

          Keeping in mind that even in sheet music, how you notate a given rhythmic pattern is still very open to interpretation: In terms of western notation, I'd have to disagree due to where the accents are. It's not the number of strikes, it's finding a common denominator for the down beats. The whole point of 8/8 over 4/4 is you're indicating that the pattern of down beats won't necessarily fall on any of the 4 counts of a 4/* but instead on one of a subdivision of 8. So in order to get an even "D k k T k k T k" to have a downbeat on a count (and not a half count) you make the measure count to 8 instead of just 4. Same notes, same sound, it just changes how you count it, number it, and thus notate it. A long 16th note roll doesn't make the measure */16 unless you either a) have a pattern of repeated accents that can only fall on full counts if you divide the measure into 16, or b) you really like impressively large numbers to appear on your metronome. :) I could see a really fast Malfuf written as 8/16 so it only covered the space of 2 quarter notes . . . but I'm still dividing it by 8 in that regard so I don't put the important hits on a half count.

          I'm wondering now though could there be a disagreement between east and west on what constitutes an "accent" and a "beat?" I may just be giving more importance to louder notes than they were intended. This sounds a lot like the discussions I've had with dancer friends about how many "counts" a rhythm has.

          ... I wonder how many drummers I just scared away from ever learning sheet music... isn't math fun? :)
          • Re: An American Lexicon

            Fri, July 3, 2009 - 6:14 PM
            Malfouf is clearly a 2/4 rhythm. The syncopation in the pattern does nothing to change that. Indeed, the common phrase ending of "D-D-S---" highlights that the rhythm is clearly felt as a 2/4.

            Furthermore, accents do not indicate beats. Accents are accents and may fall on a downbeat, an upbeat, or somewhere in between.

            The only reason I've ever encountered an 8/8 time signature was with a piece that deliberately shifted the beat feel into groupings of two, three, and four, varied from measure to measure. That was in a piece I composed for string quartet. I've never encountered an 8/8 piece that I can recall as a performer, whether in orchestra, wind ensemble, jazz groups, percussion ensembles, or anywhere else. Not to say that they don't exist, for I know some do; it's just rare to use that time signature.
      • Re: An American Lexicon

        Fri, July 3, 2009 - 12:02 PM
        While Jeffrey's comment vis a vis Malfuf being a 2/4 is musically correct, I separate out time signatures and stroke patterns when I teach 8/4's, 4/4's, and 2/4's for several reasons. One being, I don't want to have to say "now hit a ka on the 1 1/2". Time signatures can be most simply explained as a way to systemize the pace. As for the pulse system, the long and short references are very Balkan and many people use them for rhythms made up of 2's and 3's. They work fine for most people, I am not one of them. If it makes sense for you and "opened" the door for a 2-2-2-3, that's great.

        Pulse structures in rhythms are an important learning tool which most people are not taught. It would really help clarify the rhythms and help with the ability to move seamlessly through sound changing without regarding each change as a separate variation.
    • Re: An American Lexicon

      Fri, July 3, 2009 - 12:34 PM
      Thank you again for facilitating this.

      I think the first rhythm should be the skeletal, core rhythm, for recognition and for backup instruments. DD T D T
      Second rhythm should be the most popular variation, if different. DD tkT D tkT tk
      Followed by other variations in order of increasing difficulty or increasing rarity.
      I do like the DTK system in mixed case, which contains both the handing and the accents. DD tkT D tkT tk
      I like Amir Naoum's characterizations of variations, like "this is the old-fashioned way", "this is the modern way", "this is more Greek", etc.
      Something my teacher does (Dale Largent) that I haven't seen a lot of is to have variations per drum: one rhythm for doumbek, one for riq, etc.
      • Re: An American Lexicon

        Fri, July 3, 2009 - 2:55 PM
        This is actually an exciting idea. I think that we need to place the time signature and the placement of the beats for those that can't read standard notation.

        David,
        I really like how you wrote out the notation (I would have used rest symbols or dotted notes though). The idea of using the downward or upward tails is a great touch.

        I think we may have something useful in the making (and much more compact that what's been out there).
        • Re: An American Lexicon

          Fri, July 3, 2009 - 3:00 PM
          Ron wrote:
          "... I wonder how many drummers I just scared away from ever learning sheet music... isn't math fun? :)"

          You assume a lot my friend. Many of us have studied music extensively.
          You are also incorrect in your continued insistence that Malfuf is a rhythm in 8/8. It simply is not A piece of J.S.Bachs music that may have 32nd notes in it isn't written in 32/4, it's still only written in 4/4.
          • Re: An American Lexicon

            Fri, July 3, 2009 - 3:52 PM
            32/4 would be 32 quarter notes in a measure, the presence of 32nd notes is irrelevant. :)

            I'm not talking about how you notate or count in the context of Middle Eastern music. I'm just talking about how the sound of a stripped down, skeletal version of Malfuf would be interepreted by someone who ONLY knows western, staff sheet notation. Dotted-8th, dotted-8th, 8th is easier to keep track of if you count as "1, 4, 7" than if you count "1, a, a" or "1, ta, ta." Choosing a time signature in the west is open to some degree of interpretation, depending on what you want to imply or communicate with those numbers. Not saying 2/4 is wrong, I'm just interested in understanding why 8/8 is so frowned upon in this situation.

            Again, I think this may boil down to a difference in the importance of beat vs accent in the two systems. As Jas's page describes (I think that was the page) strict adherance to a metronome click isn't as important in ME music so this may be a case of trying to fit a square peg into a round hole. This may be something to consider as the organic rhythms are adapted into typically stricter staff form.

            P.S. I'm not a professor of music theory either. I studied it throughout high school and college but that was an increasingly long time ago! I don't mean to step on anyone's toes or railroad this conversation, I just thought it was an interesting discussion and maybe relevant to the project.
            • Re: An American Lexicon

              Fri, July 3, 2009 - 6:22 PM
              Counting all eight sixteenth notes is more difficult than dividing it otherwise. That two-syllable "seven" in there throws a wrench in the count. Using a 2/4 signature, it's much easier to count "1 & 2 &" and drop a Doum on 1, a Tek after &, and a T on the next &. I've had students try to count all eight sixteenth notes and get screwed up, then find it easy when I had them count two beats and afterbeats only.
          • Re: An American Lexicon

            Fri, July 3, 2009 - 4:02 PM
            And just to clarify, I TOTALLY did not mean to imply that anyone here was ignorant of music! I've taken great classes from fantastic drummers who've openly told me they don't know how to read sheet music. It's really a non-issue. It's not in any way a reflection on someone's skill and I would never be so eurocentric to ever imply that it does.

            It was more an aknowledgement of how convoluted my attempt at an explanation was. There's a reason I'm not a teacher of ANYTHING! :)
            • Re: An American Lexicon

              Fri, July 3, 2009 - 11:29 PM
              picture this ron: play maksum normally in a basic 4/4 moderate speed. now switch to malfouf. what happens to the pulse? nothing, just rolls right along. 1 2 3 4 1 2 1 2 . it's the repetition of the rhythm within the beat i think we're talking about here.

              yeah the pulse system is okay but how would you do masmoudi? or maksum even? too weird.

              thanks jeffrey. yes i wondered about using rests or what... ? i like coming up with interesting ways to notate this drum. i wish i had more percussion notation experience. anybody know of a good site that shows standard kit, latin, african notation?

              also, would love to see many dif examples of western notation for darbuka if anyone knows where to find them...i think david k and tobias have worked on western notation too. it would be good to look at everyone's and then try to decide what makes the most sense. after all, it seems as if we are designing smtg new so we should look at many and see what combination works the best

              btw larry, i can't see your notation in the post? can anybody else? the page is there but no image. i'd like to see a few examples to if you have more than just malfuf.
  • Re: An American Lexicon

    Sat, July 11, 2009 - 4:17 PM
    Anybody else going to throw in here? Think of any rhythms you think should be added?

    Object to the names of any of the rhythms posted?
    • Re: An American Lexicon

      Sat, July 11, 2009 - 11:38 PM
      only 1 thing....

      "Karsilama" - 2-2-2-3 - okay, most of us know by now this is not the name of any turkish rhythm. it is a dance. if the rest of the world insists on this name for this rhythm so be it. but can we please spell it "karSHilama" - with 'SH'? this is the correct transliteration. at least then it will be pronounced correctly. the turkish spelling is 'karşilama' - the 'ş' is an 'sh' sound. : )

      and i would really like to see different examples of western notation for darbuka - even if just for my own use - thanks!

      ignatius: in your notation, what is the difference between the dashes( - - - ) and the underlining( ____ )?
      • Re: An American Lexicon

        Sun, July 12, 2009 - 3:08 AM
        Hi David,

        I do understand why you may like to spell Karsilama with a h in it, butI'm in favour of keeping the spelling Karsilama as this is the most popular variation used on Google. Same situation with Baladi which is more commonly used then Beledi

        adwords.google.com/select/K...lExternal

        In regards to the notation, the syntax is from Jas' rhythm guide. I think the "-" means sustained note and _ is "Es" or rest/silence.
        • Re: An American Lexicon

          Sun, July 12, 2009 - 7:41 AM
          We're into a ticklish area here. So many of the rhythms that we know are also known by other names and varient spellings. How about Chiftitelli?Maqsoum? Beledi, yup that's one,Choybi (shabbi)?
          Here's the big problem. There is a rhythm called "Bambi" and depending on who you talk to (among very experienced Arabic musicians) the rhythm is vastly different. SuSu has one version, Raquy has another, Souhail has another, Amir another , Said El Artist another, Issam another, what is it?
          Is the song "Shashkin"? Or is it "Ya ein Moleyatin"? Is it "Sumbati" or is it "Al Wahada al Saheera"? Is it Baladi or is it Masmoudi Kahbir? Is it "Zar" or is it "Ayuub"?
          Should we standardize the names with one universal name? I don't know. What are your thoughts? Should we use only Arabic names, or Turkish or the Egytian variations?
          • Re: An American Lexicon

            Sun, July 12, 2009 - 8:31 AM
            This project is all about creating a common vocabulary for us to use, so, yeah, we need to standardize with one universal name. That way we can simply use that name while noting we're using this particular lexicon and those who don't know it can find a copy and look it up.
            We decide which version of Bambi we want to tie the name to and then we can all say "Bambi" and know what's referred to.

            I'm not particular as to what language would get used. I suspect it would be most useful to use names that we find most common, without regard to what language they come from. If a rhythm is most commonly known using the Egyptian name, then we us that one, where the next rhythm is most commonly known with the Turkish name, so we use that one.

            I'm thinking we should probably put together a list of the rhythms to be included. What do you think are the essential rhythms to know?
            • Re: An American Lexicon

              Sun, July 12, 2009 - 9:10 AM
              1. Maqsoum
              2. Beledi
              3. Saiidi
              4. Malfuf
              5. Khaliji
              7. Ayuub
              8. Karachi
              9. Masmoudi
              10.Chiftitelli
              11.Karishlamar
              12.Laz
              13.Curcuna
              14.Samai
              15.Bolero
              16.Rhumba
              17.Choybi
              18.Zaffa
              19.Hotcha
              20.Bambi
              21.Simbati
              22.Falahi
              23. Zembekiko
              24.Kalmentian
              25.Nwari

              Just for a start. :)
            • Re: An American Lexicon

              Sun, July 12, 2009 - 5:51 PM
              I'm not sure if this helps the discussion. I'm just rambling at the moment.

              I generally class the naming systems into 3 broad categories of Cabaret, Classical and Folkloric. I tend to sway towards the cabaret category since I am mainly drumming for dancers.

              So for example, Baladi is the cabaret shorthand for the more formal classical name of Masmoudi Sagir, or Masmoudi Soyrara in the Egyptian dialect. Then the Folkloric naming system can be confusing because they use the same name for different rhythms. So a cabaret Maqsoum is a Folkloric Fellahi. A Cabaret Baladi is a Folkloric Maqsoum.

              Even further segmenting it I tend to follow a Lebanese cabaret dialect, very similar if not the same as Issam Houshan. Although if I am on the internet or teach I will use a more USA dialect because if students want to google a rhythm I have to give them the popular internet name for it, which is basically the US names.

              For example what I now know is called Nawari, Issam and I know it as Tabal. But if you Google Tabal you are unlikely to find it so if I do teach I call if Nawari which I know gets hits.
        • Re: An American Lexicon

          Mon, July 13, 2009 - 12:35 AM
          I've heard it pronounced karsiLAma and karshlaMA, and someone told me that one pronunciation was Turkish and the other Greek. I agree that we should (sometimes arbitrarily) pick the most common name for a rhythm, to aid in searching and communication, but I'd also like to see the alternative spellings and sources for each rhythm if available.

          I asked a Portland drummer about Karsilama / Karshilama, and she said, "What do I know? I'm just a white Jewish girl from the Bronx." LOL

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