Both the Bolero and the Rhumba are fairly recent rhythms to ME music and they are essentially the same as they are in Latin music.
The Rhumba is slightly faster and the Bolero is slower.
Elissa, both of those rhythms that you posted are rhythms that I know as Bolero (but of course if played faster, they are Rhumbas)
More typically in the clubs here in NY, the Rhumba is played like this: ( I will give you the three measures plus the closing figure )
D k k T k k D k k T k k D k k T k k D k D k P
but there are many variations.

Here in NY in the Arabic clubs the boleros are played a lot (they are especially popular in the Egyptian clubs) There is an Arabic song that is very popular called: "Ber Demet Yasimin" that is all about the bolero rhythm (and I don't think these Arabic musicians have ever heard of the SCA)

Wow! Elissa, Emyrs, and Jefferey, I'm so envious of the opportunities you have to play with melody musicians. I had to learn it on my own. I got what Carmine calls the bolero from his rhythm sheet. I learned to play the bolero by playing the rhythm part to Omar's song "Passage into Midnight" from his "Free as a Bird" CD Then I got a CD from my girlfriend with two songs, Guiarana and Victor, on E Muzeki (now Wine & Alchemy), and I learned to play rhumba on the castanets with them. From listening close, I learned that malfoof was used to make phrases, because the backup guitar plays 12312312, and the castanets go with that on both rhumba and malfoof. JAS rhythm book makes a point (and so do some others) that rhumba is played fast in 2/4 like malfoof. Then I went back to Passage into Midnight and listened some more, and found that his rhythm has a triplet before 2 instead of the doublet 16ths. WHEW! Who new it was so complicated but it was really fun. I got to practice them with It Is What It Is because of song we played into which I played the two rhythms in between the bass drum and the guy on top.

So, here's my understanding in notation:

Rhumba
1e&a2e&a3e&a4e&a
D-tkT-k-T-k-D-k-

Bolero
1e&a2e&a3e&a4e&a
D-t3T-k-D-k-D-k-

Bolero is played twice as slow, generally speaking, and sometimes it is played in teks instead of dums like rhumba, depending on what the lead melody instrument is.

Next, how I layer malfoof and rhumba, which I note in 4/4 so as to pick up all the notes.

1e&a2e&a3e&a4e&a
D-tkT-k-T-k-D-k-
D-k-k-T-k-k-T-k-

There’s even a gypsy version of rhumba in 6/8 that plays at light speed. It’s played in Macedonia, Albania and some Balkan places like Kosovo. You’ll hear it in flamenco if the guitar player is real good. They call it Fandango de Hueva.

1&2&3&4&5&6&
D-tkT-k-D-k-